Dinamika Kebijakan Work From Anywhere di Tengah Efisiensi Anggaran: Langkah Strategis Transformasi Lembaga Pelatihan Kementerian/Lembaga Indonesia

Authors

  • Muhammad Alfarizi Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56266/widyaborneo.v8i1.354

Keywords:

Aparatur Sipil Negara, Digitalisasi Pelatihan, Efisiensi Anggaran, Transformasi Digital, Work From Anywhere

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dinamika kebijakan WFA di lembaga pelatihan K/L, mengidentifikasi tantangan digitalisasi, serta merumuskan strategi optimal dalam memastikan efektivitas pelatihan ASN di era transformasi digital. Pendekatan kualitatif digunakan dengan metode Bibliometrik-Systematic Literature Review (SLR) untuk mengidentifikasi tren penelitian terkait serta sintesis literatur akademik dari database Scopus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi WFA dapat meningkatkan efisiensi anggaran dengan mengurangi biaya perjalanan dinas dan operasional, namun menghadapi tantangan dalam kesiapan infrastruktur digital dan keterlibatan pegawai. Digitalisasi pelatihan berbasis AI dan keamanan siber menjadi faktor krusial dalam mendukung kebijakan ini. Diperlukan strategi blended learning, integrasi teknologi VR/AR dalam pelatihan, serta model kerja fleksibel berbasis outcome untuk meningkatkan efektivitas pembelajaran ASN. Dengan pendekatan ini, Lembaga Diklat dapat beradaptasi terhadap kebijakan efisiensi anggaran tanpa mengurangi kualitas pelatihan.

References

Abdulrahim, H., & Yousif, G. (2023). Remote Work Implications on Productivity of Workers in the Saudi Financial Sector. International Journal of Professional Business Review, 8(4), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i4.1064.

Adieva, O. A., Beloshitskiy, A. V, Biryukova, V. V, & Garayshin, S. G. (2020). Some problems of cooperation between a classic education and a corporate training. Neftyanoe Khozyaystvo - Oil Industry, 2020(9), 78–82. https://doi.org/10.24887/0028-2448-2020-9-78-82.

Agbanyo, G. K., & Shi, M. (2024). The Moderating Effect of Management Polychronicity and Knowledge Sharing on Career Sustainability in the Work-from-Anywhere New Normal—From a Social Exchange Theory Perspective. Sustainability (Switzerland), 16(8), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16083302.

Anyim, W. O. (2021). Sustainable Development Goal on Quality Education: A Review of E-Learning Resources and Pedagogy in the University System. Library Philosophy and Practice, 1-18.

Ardi, A., Cahyadi, H., Meilani, Y. F. C. P., & Pramono, R. (2024). Talent attraction through flexible work anytime from anywhere. Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development, 8(3), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v8i3.2998.

Barbieri, B., Bellini, D., Batzella, F., Mondo, M., Pinna, R., Galletta, M., & De Simone, S. (2025). Flexible Work in the Public Sector: A Dual Perspective on Cognitive Benefits and Costs in Remote Work Environments. Public Personnel Management, 54(1), 99-129. https://doi.org/10.1177/00910260241275241.

Barbieri, B., Mondo, M., De Simone, S., Pinna, R., Galletta, M., Pileri, J., & Bellini, D. (2024). Enhancing Productivity at Home: The Role of Smart Work and Organizational Support in the Public Sector. Societies, 14(4), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14040050

Busu, M., & Gyorgy, A. (2021). The Mediating Role Of The Ability To Adapt To Teleworking To Increase The Organizational Performance. Amfiteatru Economic, 23(58), 654-668. https://doi.org/10.24818/EA/2021/58/654

Cadiz, N. R. R., Mariano, K. L. S., Dumalag, J., Retamar, A. E., & Aceron, J. C. F. (2023). Information, education, and communication campaign in the Philippines: capacitating academic institutions and government agencies using Geographic Information System, Radar Remote Sensing, and Artificial Intelligence. V: 2023 Asian Conference on Remote Sensing (ACRS2023), ID-2 Sustainability, Asian Association on Remote Sensing, 1-9.

Charbonneau, É., & Doberstein, C. (2020). An Empirical Assessment of the Intrusiveness and Reasonableness of Emerging Work Surveillance Technologies in the Public Sector. Public Administration Review, 80(5), 780-791. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13278.

Choudhury, P., Foroughi, C., & Larson, B. (2021). Work-from-anywhere: The productivity effects of geographic flexibility. Strategic Management Journal, 42(4), 655-683. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.3251.

Choudrie, J., Zamani, E., & Al-Bulushi, A. (2017). Are online social networks, leading to a ‘better world in the Omani public sector? A qualitative study. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 504, 669-680. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59111-7_54.

Costa, M. M., Alves Filho, A., & Pessoa-de-Oliveira, A. K. (2024). Teleworking and work-family balance in public educational institutions. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 37(7), 880-895. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPSM-01-2024-0003.

Dadheech, R., & Sharma, D. (2023). Home-based work or non-home-based work? Factors influencing work choices of women in the informal sector. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 43(1–2), 89-106. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSSP-08-2021-0200.

D’Alessandro, C., Szopik-Depczyńska, K., Tarczyńska-Łuniewska, M., Silvestri, C., & Ioppolo, G. (2024). Exploring Circular Economy Practices in the Healthcare Sector: A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis. Sustainability, 16(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16010401.

de Vries, H., Tummers, L., & Bekkers, V. (2019). The Benefits of Teleworking in the Public Sector: Reality or Rhetoric? Review of Public Personnel Administration, 39(4), 570-593. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371X18760124.

Drašler, V., Bertoncelj, J., Korošec, M., Žontar, T. P., Ulrih, N. P., & Cigić, B. (2021). Difference in the attitude of students and employees of the university of ljubljana towards work from home and online education: Lessons from covid-19 pandemic. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(9), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13095118.

Eng, I., Tjernberg, M., & Champoux-Larsson, M.-F. (2024). Hybrid workers describe aspects that promote effectiveness, work engagement, work-life balance, and health. Cogent Psychology, 11(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2024.2362535.

Ezeilo, C. O., & Green-McKenzie, J. (2024). The Covid-19 Pandemic and The Future of Work. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 66(6), e245-e251. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000003107.

Fraccaroli, F., Zaniboni, S., & Truxillo, D. M. (2024). Challenges in the New Economy: A New Era for Work Design. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 11, 307-335. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-081722-053704.

Ghaly, M. (2024). What Makes Work “Good” in the Age of Artificial Intelligence (AI)? Islamic Perspectives on AI-Mediated Work Ethics. Journal of Ethics, 28(3), 429-453. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10892-023-09456-3.

Gomez, I. N., Gonzalez-Suarez, C., Sosa, K. E., & Tapang, M. L. (2022). Work-from-home-related musculoskeletal pain during the COVID-19 pandemic: A rapid review protocol. International Journal of Osteopathic Medicine, 43, 49-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijosm.2022.04.005.

Hassankhani, M., Alidadi, M., Sharifi, A., & Azhdari, A. (2021). Smart city and crisis management: Lessons for the covid-19 pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(15), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18157736.

Hayes, G. R., Lee, C. P., & Dourish, P. (2011). Organizational routines, innovation, and flexibility: The application of narrative networks to dynamic workflow. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 80(8), e161-e177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2011.01.005.

Hiatt, B., Hong, S.-J., Kwon, I.-W., & Savoie, M. (2024). Digitalization and the Medical Supply Chain Management: Systematic Literature Review and Bibliometric Analysis. Operations and Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 128-140. https://doi.org/10.31387/oscm0580431.

Hopkins, J. L., & McKay, J. (2019). Investigating ‘anywhere working’ as a mechanism for alleviating traffic congestion in smart cities. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 142, 258-272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.07.032.

Ibrayev, S. (2022). Remote Work as an Innovative Approach in the Public Administration System of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The Innovation Journal, 27(3), 1-21.

Jeffares, S. (2020). The virtual public servant: Artificial intelligence and frontline work. In The Virtual Public Servant: Artificial Intelligence and Frontline Work. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54084-5.

Jimad, H., Roslina, R., & Yuningsih, Y. (2024). The effect of flexible working arrangements on educator performance in Indonesia. International Journal of Educational Management, 38(7), 1944-1958. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-12-2023-0631.

Jing, Z., Zheng, Y., & Guo, H. (2023). A Study of the Impact of Digital Competence and Organizational Agility on Green Innovation Performance of Manufacturing Firms.The Moderating Effect Based on Knowledge Inertia. Administrative Sciences, 13(12), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13120250

Juna, M. A., Anshari, M., Ahmad, N., & Hamdan, M. (2022). Working from home, COVID-19 and multi-dimensional model of well-being theory. International Journal of Work Organisation and Emotion, 13(3), 230-259. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijwoe.2022.126957.

Kaye, D., Mwanika, A., Burnham, G., Chang, L. W., Mbalinda, S. N., Okullo, I., Nabirye, R. C., Muhwezi, W., Oria, H., Kijjambu, S., Atuyambe, L., & Aryeija, W. (2011). The organization and implementation of community-based education programs for health worker training institutions in Uganda. BMC International Health and Human Rights, 11(S1), S4. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-698X-11-S1-S4.

Khan, A., Khan, A., Shah, T. A., Nisar Khattak, M., & Abukhait, R. (2024). Management’s internal governance policies on flexible work practices and the mediating lens of work life enrichment – Outcome for employee work engagement and organizational attractiveness. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance, 11(3), 532-552. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOEPP-02-2023-0059.

Koch, J., Plattfaut, R., & Kregel, I. (2021). Looking for Talent in Times of Crisis – The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Public Sector Job Openings. International Journal of Information Management Data Insights, 1(2), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjimei.2021.100014.

Kompas. (2025). Instruksi Lengkap Presiden Prabowo untuk Efisiensi Anggaran Rp 306 Triliun. https://www.kompas.id/artikel/instruksi-lengkap-presiden-prabowo-untuk-efisiensi-anggaran-rp-306-triliun.

Kraus-Hoogeveen, S., Peters, P., Van der Pool, E., & Van der Heijden, B. (2020). Creating public value in the care at home sector: a mixed-method study about expectations of primary stakeholders using a social exchange perspective. Journal of Health Organization and Management, 34(7), 807-828. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHOM-11-2019-0317.

Leuterio, H. C. P. (2022). Telecommuting and Job Satisfaction: A Gaze to the Filipino Working Life in Era of Turbulence. ECS Transactions, 107(1), 10673-10692. https://doi.org/10.1149/10701.10673ecst.

Levin, L., & Nahum, M. (2024). Public Community Work in Neighborhoods with Both Citizen and Asylum-Seeking Residents: South Tel Aviv as a Study Case. Journal of Immigrant and Refugee Studies, 22(2), 402.414. https://doi.org/10.1080/15562948.2022.2039830.

Li, M., Jotikasthira, N., & Pu, R. (2022). Digitalization, knowledge sharing and higher education for sustainable development. World Journal on Educational Technology: Current Issues, 14(5), 1452-1468. https://doi.org/10.18844/wjet.v14i5.7713.

Magnavita, N., Tripepi, G., & Chiorri, C. (2021). Telecommuting, off-time work, and intrusive leadership in workers’ well-being. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(7), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073330.

Malik, A., Rosenberger, P. J., Fitzgerald, M., & Houlcroft, L. (2016). Factors affecting smart working: evidence from Australia. International Journal of Manpower, 37(6), 1042-1066. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-12-2015-0225.

Matsiliza, N. S. (2016). Collaborations and partnerships for public service training. Risk Governance & Control: Financial Markets & Institutions, 6(3), 92-98. https://doi.org/10.22495/rcgv6i3art14.

Melo, T. A. D., & Demo, G. (2024). Home Sweet Home? The Mediating Role of Human Resource Management Practices in the Relationship between Leadership and Quality of Life in Teleworking in the Public Sector. Sustainability (Switzerland), 16(12), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16125006.

Menshikova, M., Bonacci, I., Scarozza, D., & Zifaro, M. (2025). The employee satisfaction with the new normal ways of working: a cluster analysis. Journal of Asia Business Studies, 19(3), 863-892. https://doi.org/10.1108/JABS-08-2024-0474.

Metselaar, S. A., den Dulk, L., & Vermeeren, B. (2023). Teleworking at Different Locations Outside the Office: Consequences for Perceived Performance and the Mediating Role of Autonomy and Work-Life Balance Satisfaction. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 43(3), 456–478. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371X221087421.

Mohd Ghazali, Z., Wan Yaacob, W. F., & Wan Omar, W. M. (2023). LGCM and PLS-SEM in Panel Survey Data: A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis. Data, 8(2), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3390/data8020032.

Mohidin, R., Mahmud, R., Pazim, K. H., & Yee, B. L. F. (2024). Unveiling the Dynamics of Work from Home Productivity: Evaluating Employee Profiles During the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Case Study in Sabah Malaysia. In Studies in Systems, Decision and Control, 545, 357–364. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-65203-5_32.

Molléri, J. S., & Mohagheghi, P. (2024). Transformation to a Hybrid Workplace: A Case from the Norwegian Public Sector. IEEE Software, 41(5), 70–77. https://doi.org/10.1109/MS.2024.3368564.

Mourtakos, V., Mantouka, E. G., Fafoutellis, P., Vlahogianni, E. I., & Kepaptsoglou, K. (2024). Reconstructing mobility from smartphone data: Empirical evidence of the effects of COVID-19 pandemic crisis on working and leisure. Transport Policy, 146, 241-254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2023.11.018.

Mousa, M., Arslan, A., Ullah, A., Tarba, S., & Cooper, C. (2024). Work from home feasibility and challenges for public sector employees in a developing country. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness, 12(5), 41-59. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOEPP-12-2023-0549.

Munobwa, J. S., Ahmadi, F., Zandi, S., Davidsson, N., & Akhavan, S. (2022). Coping Methods and Satisfaction with Working from Home in Academic Settings during the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912669.

Nainggolan, H., Fatmawati, E., Mursalin, A., Rinaldi, U., & Bangkara, B. A. (2023). Identification of hr Improvement Innovation Best Practices for Improving the Productivity of State Apparatus in the Automatization Era. International Journal of Professional Business Review, 8(3), 1-14.

Norkin, S., & Byström, K. (2024). Gatekeeping structures and trust development in public sector organizations. Journal of Documentation, 80(2), 427-445. https://doi.org/10.1108/JD-09-2023-0186.

Nursjanti, F., Amaliawiati, L., & Nurani, N. (2021). Impact of Covid-19 on Higher Education Institutions in Indonesia. Rigeo, 11(1), 685–698.

Öztürk, O., Kocaman, R., & Kanbach, D. K. (2024). How to design bibliometric research: an overview and a framework proposal. Review of Managerial Science, 18(11), 3333-3361. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-024-00738-0.

Palumbo, R. (2020). Let me go to the office! An investigation into the side effects of working from home on work-life balance. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 33(6–7), 771-790. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPSM-06-2020-0150.

Parent-Lamarche, A., & Boulet, M. (2021). Employee well-being in the COVID-19 pandemic: The moderating role of teleworking during the first lockdown in the province of Quebec, Canada. Work, 70(3), 763-775. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-205311.

Pareschi, L. (2021). Is It Smart Working? An Analysis of the Public Discourse about Teleworking in Italy during the COVID-19 Pandemic. PuntOorg International Journal, 6(2), 133-157. https://doi.org/10.19245/25.05.pij.6.2.5.

Pink-Harper, S. A., & Rauhaus, B. M. (2023). An Examination of Telework Policies: Balancing Work-Life Demands during the ‘New Normal.’ Journal of Health and Human Services Administration, 45(4), 248-265. https://doi.org/10.37808/jhhsa.45.4.2.

Pyvovar, Y., Pyvovar, I., & Iurynets, J. (2018). A Legal and Organizational Prospects for Improvement the Placement Process of the State Order for Specialists Training. International Journal of Engineering & Technology (UAE), 7(3.30), 274-279.

Rashid, F. R., & Sapie, N. I. (2024). The Prospect of Work from Home in the Public Sector. In Contributions to Management Science, 2529, 461–476. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-48770-5_37

Segbenya, M., Baafi-Frimpong, S. A., & Oppong, N. Y. (2021). Effect of COVID-19 on acquisition of employable skills among national service personnel in Ghana. Journal of Work-Applied Management, 13(2), 215-226. https://doi.org/10.1108/JWAM-12-2020-0058.

Seinsche, L., Schubin, K., Neumann, J., & Pfaff, H. (2023). Do I want to work from home today? Specific job crafting strategies of public service employees working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: a qualitative study. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1183812.

Seinsche, L., Schubin, K., Neumann, J., & Pfaff, H. (2024). Working from home during COVID-19: boundary management tactics and energy resources management strategies reported by public service employees in a qualitative study. BMC Public Health, 24(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-18744-y.

Senja, P. Y., Silviani, W. D., & Puspita, R. E. (2025). Revolutionizing Civil Servant’s Work Behavior Through Flexible Working Spaces: Digital Transformation & Green Practices At The Ministry of Finance. Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business, 40(1), 108-139. https://doi.org/10.22146/jieb.v40i1.5821.

Sepanta, F., Sirati, M., & O’Brien, W. (2024). Quantifying the Impact of Teleworking on Home and Office Energy Use: A Case Study in Ontario, Canada. ASHRAE Transactions, 130, 625-632.

Smite, D., Moe, N. B., Hildrum, J., Huerta, J. G., & Mendez, D. (2023). Work-from-home is here to stay: Call for flexibility in post-pandemic work policies. Journal of Systems and Software, 195, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2022.111552.

Šmite, D., Moe, N. B., Klotins, E., & Gonzalez-Huerta, J. (2023). From forced Working-From-Home to voluntary working-from-anywhere: Two revolutions in telework. Journal of Systems and Software, 195, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2022.111509.

Suhariadi, F., Sugiarti, R., Hardaningtyas, D., Mulyati, R., Kurniasari, E., Saadah, N., Yumni, H., & Abbas, A. (2023). Work from home: A behavioral model of Indonesian education workers’ productivity during Covid-19. Heliyon, 9(3), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14082.

Tzoraki, O., Dimitrova, S., Barzakov, M., Yaseen, S., Gavalas, V., Harb, H., Haidari, A., Cahill, B. P., Culibrk, A., Nikolarea, E., Andrianopulu, E., & Trajanovic, M. (2021). The impact of the covid-19 pandemic on theworking conditions, employment, career development and well-being of refugee researchers. Societies, 11(3), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc11030071

Vella, E., & McIver, S. (2019). Reducing stress and burnout in the public-sector work environment: A mindfulness meditation pilot study. Health Promotion Journal of Australia, 30(2), 219-227. https://doi.org/10.1002/hpja.192.

Voll, K., Gauger, F., & Pfnür, A. (2023). Work from anywhere: traditional workation, coworkation and workation retreats: a conceptual review. World Leisure Journal, 65(2), 150-174. https://doi.org/10.1080/16078055.2022.2134199.

Wang, W., Gao, G., & Agarwal, R. (2024). Friend or Foe? Teaming Between Artificial Intelligence and Workers with Variation in Experience. Management Science, 70(9), 5753-5775. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.00588.

Wang, Y., & Dong, X. (2024). The influence of telecommuting intensity on employee individual performance in the Chinese context: the mediating role of job crafting and the moderating role of e-leadership. Technology Analysis and Strategic Management. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2024.2344085.

Williamson, S., Colley, L., & Foley, M. (2022). Public servants working from home: Exploring managers’ changing allowance decisions in a COVID-19 context. Economic and Labour Relations Review, 33(1), 37-55. https://doi.org/10.1177/10353046211055526.

Williamson, S., Colley, L., & Hanna-Osborne, S. (2020). Will working from home become the ‘new normal’ in the public sector? Australian Journal of Public Administration, 79(4), 601-607. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8500.12444.

Williamson, S., Colley, L., Huybers, T., & Tani, M. (2024). Public servants working from home during the pandemic: Who gained and who lost? Australian Journal of Public Administration, 83(3), 288-307. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8500.12580.

Wilson, K. L., & Boldeman, S. U. (2012). Exploring ICT Integration as a Tool to Engage Young People at a Flexible Learning Centre. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 21(6), 661-668. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-011-9355-7.

Xu, X., Chen, X., Jia, F., Brown, S., Gong, Y., & Xu, Y. (2018). Supply chain finance: A systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis. International Journal of Production Economics, 204, 160-173. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2018.08.003.

Yaakob, A. M., Nur Firzana, M. H., Kamarazaly, M. A., Hashim, N., King, L. S., & Ling, S. C. A. (2021). The concept of telecommuting lifestyle in the construction industry: Quantity surveyor’ perspectives. Malaysian Construction Research Journal, Specialissue12(1), 53-63.

Zapata, L., Ibarra, G., & Blancher, P.-H. (2024). Engaging new ways of work: the relevance of flexibility and digital tools in a post-COVID-19 era. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness, 11(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOEPP-04-2022-0079.

Zappalà, S., Toscano, F., & Topa, G. (2021). The implementation of a remote work program in an italian municipality before covid-19: Suggestions to hr officers for the post-covid-19 era. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 11(3), 866-877. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe11030064.

Zhao, T., Gasiba, T., Lechner, U., & Pinto-Albuquerque, M. (2024). Thriving in the era of hybrid work: Raising cybersecurity awareness using serious games in industry trainings. 2024 36th International Conference on Software Engineering Education and Training (CSEE&T). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2023.111946.

Downloads

Published

2025-06-30

How to Cite

Alfarizi, M. (2025). Dinamika Kebijakan Work From Anywhere di Tengah Efisiensi Anggaran: Langkah Strategis Transformasi Lembaga Pelatihan Kementerian/Lembaga Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Widya Borneo, 8(1), 15–31. https://doi.org/10.56266/widyaborneo.v8i1.354

Issue

Section

Articles